Abstract
Fruit from the palm Mauritia flexuosa is one of the most important species in Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, and Guyana. The present study aimed to investigate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of oil extracted from Mauritia flexuosa. The fatty acid contents were determined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Oil extract of peel of Mauritia flexuosa was extracted by soxhlet extraction. The oil extract inhibited platelet secretion and aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, and TRAP-6 by a concentration-dependent way (0.1 to 1 mg/mL) without the participation of the adenylyl cyclase pathway and diminished platelet rolling and firm adhesion under flow conditions. Furthermore, the oil extract induced a marked increase in the rolling speed of leukocytes retained on the platelet surface, reflecting a reduction of rolling and less adhesion. At the concentrations used, the oil extract significantly decreased platelet release of sP-selectin, an atherosclerotic-related inflammatory mediator. Oil extract inhibited thrombus growth at the same concentration as that of aspirin, a classical reference drug. Finally, the data presented herein also demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the protective effect of oil extracted from Mauritia flexuosa on platelet activation and thrombosis formation.
Highlights
Platelets play an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]
It was observed that the oil extracted from peels of Mauritia flexuosa fruits had a high content of saturated fatty acids (59% of C8–C22), unsaturated fatty acids (37.9% of C16–C18), and a volatile fraction, which corresponds to limonene (2.7%)
We found that SQ22536 could not reverse the inhibitory effect of oil extract on platelet aggregation induced by Adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP) (P > NS)
Summary
Platelets play an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]. In this way, the antiplatelet therapy has been used for a long time in an effort to prevent CVD [2]. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables (F&V), part of the socalled Mediterranean diet, reduce blood pressure and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events [3]. The regular consumption of fruits and vegetables has been shown to be beneficial in terms of reducing the platelet activity [4, 5]. In primary prevention trials, an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts resulted in a substantial reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events among high-risk persons [6]. A higher consumption of vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (sunflower, corn, canola, and olive oils) has been associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory mediators [7], oxidative damage [8], and an increase of the healthy cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) [9]
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