Abstract
Mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is known as Burkitt leukemia, is included in Burkitt lymphoma according to the WHO classification. Approximately 80% of mature B-cell ALL is associated with t(8;14)(q24;q32). The Lymphoma Malignancy B and Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster studies have showed that intensive multiagent chemotherapy improves the outcome of mature B-cell ALL, and that the long-term event-free survival rate of advanced stage mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), including mature B-cell leukemia, is 80–85%. However, the prognosis of relapsed or refractory B-NHL is poor. The short-term overall survival of patients with relapsed or refractory B-NHL has been reported to be approximately 20–30%, even though hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been adopted. The efficacy of rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, has been established for adults with B-NHL. Recently, the safety and efficacy of rituximab for pediatric B-NHL has also been reported. Thus, it is expected that rituximab combined with chemotherapy will be established as the standard treatment for high-risk pediatric patients with B-NHL as well as for adults with B-NHL, and this therapy is believed to improve the outcome of mature B-cell leukemia.
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