Abstract
This paper deals systematically with the geochemical analysis of 54 samples of Tertiary source rocks and crude oils in the western part of the Qaidam Basin. Taking the isomerization degree of C 29 sterane biomarker as the indicator of maturity, a complete evolution sequence of crude oils from immature, low mature, mature, to high mature stages corresponding to the transformation products of organic matters in different evolutional periods, has been found in the basin. It can be seen from the data presented that the widespread existence of immature petroleum and crude oil maturation sequences in the Tertiary terrestrial sedimentary basins in China is an important geochemical characteristic, a result which goes against the limitations imposed by the theory that hydrocarbons are formed from kerogens. This new concept has practical significance in petroleum exploration and petroleum resource evaluation by maturity grading. Our study shows that most of the oils discovered recently in the Qaidam Basin are low matured. However, the prospects for oil discoveries of other hydrocarbon-forming stages, particularly mature oils at greater depth, are bright.
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