Abstract
Abstract There is growing interest in identifying morphological, motor, maturation characteristics, as well as their changes, of children and adolescents in systematized training in various sports. Knowledge of these characteristics is important for coaches and researchers because they provide parameters for assessing youth development during training. For track and field, studies on the category under 16 are scarce. Thus, the objectives of this study are to describe the profile and to design a percentile table of morphological, motor, maturation and event-specific variables of under 16 athletes. 105 young athletes were evaluated on two consecutive days. On the first day, an anamnesis of athletes and coaches was performed. Anthropometric and anaerobic measurements were analyzed in shot put, long jump, 800 m run. On the second day, flexibility, vertical impulse, upper limb strength, speed and maximal aerobic speed were evaluated. The biological maturation was evaluated by the percentage of the predicted height. A table with percentiles was prepared with the data of all athletes. Another table with the results of the whole group plus mean and standard deviation was prepared. A last table was prepared containing data divided by group of sports events. The morphological variables presented differences between the groups as to body mass, BMI and sum of skinfolds. Significant differences were observed only for the motor variable VMA. No significant differences were observed only for long jump. When divided by groups, it was evident that throwers are different from the other athletes in some morphologic variables and in specific sports events.
Highlights
According to the International Association of Athletic Federations (IAAF), the events of this sport, which result directly from the original motor patterns of running, jumping and throwing, are the oldest competitions of humanity
The training of track and field athletes is organized into a long-term training process that initially involves the selection of talents followed by a continuous monitoring of biological maturation, physical growth and physiological and motor adaptations in response to the training provided[2]
Young athletes do not yet have a specialization in a defined sports event, but can already be organized into speed, jumping, throwing and endurance groups according to their technical skills
Summary
According to the International Association of Athletic Federations (IAAF), the events of this sport, which result directly from the original motor patterns of running, jumping and throwing, are the oldest competitions of humanity. Success in such diverse events is determined by a diverse set of morphological and motor characteristics such as height, limb length, strength, aerobic capacity, power and speed articulated with specific technical aspects of each event[1]. Girls reach the peak of growth speed at around eleven years of age[3], so that, in this category, athletes should already be close to their predicted adult stature and adult body size Training at this time has become more structured, and incorporates a significant percentage of specific exercises. Young athletes do not yet have a specialization in a defined sports event, but can already be organized into speed, jumping, throwing and endurance groups according to their technical skills
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