Abstract
To create suitable biological scaffolds for tissue engineering and cell therapeutics, it is essential to understand the matrix-mediated specification of stem cell differentiation. To this end, we studied the effect of collagen type I on stem cell lineage specification. We altered the properties of collagen type I by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT). The collagen–CNT composite material was stiffer with thicker fibers and longer D-period. Human decidua parietalis stem cells (hdpPSC) were found to differentiate exclusively and rapidly towards neural cells on the collagen–CNT matrix. We attribute this accelerated neural differentiation to the enhanced structural and mechanical properties of collagen–CNT material. Strikingly, the collagen–CNT matrix, unlike collagen, imposes the neural fate by an alternate mechanism that may be independent of beta-1 integrin and beta-catenin. The study demonstrates the sensitivity of stem cells to subtle changes in the matrix and the utilization of a novel biocomposite material for efficient and directed differentiation of stem cells.
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