Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that mediate extracellular matrix turnover and associated processes, such as cell survival, growth, and differentiation. This paper discusses important functions of MMP in the normal and injured nervous system, focusing on the role played by these proteases in neurological pain syndromes, most prominently in neuropathic pain and migraine headaches. In the past decade, metalloproteinases emerged as key modulators of neuropathic pain, with MMP-9 acting as an initiator of the neuropathic cascade. Increased MMP activity was detected in migraine patients, independent of aura, in tight association with metabolic derangements. The therapeutic implications of MMP inhibition are considered in the context of neurogenic pain regulation.
Highlights
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of over twenty zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play essential roles in a wide range of proteolytic processes
The subsequent sections of this paper focus on the important roles played by several MMPs in the genesis of pain sensation associated with nervous system pathological states, with emphasis on neuropathic pain and migraine
Patients with nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSVN) exhibited enhanced MMP-9 immunoreactivity compared to systemic vasculitic neuropathy (SVN). These results suggest a pathogenic role for MMP-9 secreted from CD8+ cells in vasculitic neuropathy
Summary
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of over twenty zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play essential roles in a wide range of proteolytic processes. (vii) Vasogenic edema (viii) Tumor cell survival and metastasis (ix) Cell growth inhibition chain reaction, Nuttall and collaborators determined that some subsets of leukocytes and central nervous system (CNS) cell types express transcripts for most MMP family members [6]. This finding suggests that all, or most, cell types have the ability to produce a spectrum of MMPs, but there are likely processes for selective expression in pathologic states. The subsequent sections of this paper focus on the important roles played by several MMPs in the genesis of pain sensation associated with nervous system pathological states, with emphasis on neuropathic pain and migraine
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