Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are progressive degenerative disorders that affect the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), characterized by pain and limitations in function. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes involved in physiological breakdown of tissue that can have a pathological effect from an increase in activity during inflammation. A PubMed search of the current literature (within the past 10 years) was conducted to identify human studies involving matrix metalloproteinases activity in TMJ components of patients with TMD. Two separate searches results in 34 studies, six of which met inclusion criteria. Immunohistochemistry and gene analysis were used to evaluate MMP expression in the study groups. This review showed the strongest evidence for involvement of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in TMD; however, limitations included low sample sizes and a lack of recent clinical studies. Future research with more definitive conclusions could allow for additional pharmaceutical targets in MMP when treating patients with temporomandibular disorders.
Highlights
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is classified as a ginglymoarthrodial joint, allowing for rotational and translational movements in normal function
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of degenerative disorders involving the components of the TMJ, which can lead to displacement of the disc, joint remodeling, and eventually osteoarthritis [2]
This paper aims to review the current scientific literature in order to investigate potential links between various Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and TMD
Summary
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is classified as a ginglymoarthrodial joint, allowing for rotational and translational movements in normal function. Its primary components include the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone, the articular disc, the head of the mandibular condyle, and masticatory muscles. This joint is capable of remodeling even after growth has stopped, allowing it to make structural changes and adapt to different physiological demands [1]. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of degenerative disorders involving the components of the TMJ, which can lead to displacement of the disc, joint remodeling, and eventually osteoarthritis [2]. The etiology of TMD is still a topic of discussion; some known risk factors include trauma and microtrauma, malocclusion, and psychological factors, such as stress and anxiety [5]
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