Abstract
Statistical evidence pointing to the very soft change in the ionic composition on the surface of the sugar cane bagasse is crucial to improve yields of sugars by hydrolytic saccharification. Removal of Li+ by pretreatments exposing -OH sites was the most important factor related to the increase of saccharification yields using enzyme cocktails. Steam Explosion and Microwave:H2SO4 pretreatments produced unrelated structural changes, but similar ionic distribution patterns. Both increased the saccharification yield 1.74-fold. NaOH produced structural changes related to Steam Explosion, but released surface-bounded Li+ obtaining 2.04-fold more reducing sugars than the control. In turn, the higher amounts in relative concentration and periodic structures of Li+ on the surface observed in the control or after the pretreatment with Ethanol:DMSO:Ammonium Oxalate, blocked -OH and O− available for ionic sputtering. These changes correlated to 1.90-fold decrease in saccharification yields. Li+ was an activator in solution, but its presence and distribution pattern on the substrate was prejudicial to the saccharification. Apparently, it acts as a phase-dependent modulator of enzyme activity. Therefore, no correlations were found between structural changes and the efficiency of the enzymatic cocktail used. However, there were correlations between the Li+ distribution patterns and the enzymatic activities that should to be shown.
Highlights
Demand for renewable fuels has considerably increased in recent years
Anatomical parameters were not related to saccharification yields of sugarcane bagasse
A strong factor affecting the performance of the enzyme cocktail was lithium coordinated with the substrate
Summary
Demand for renewable fuels has considerably increased in recent years. there has been a significant increase of interest in sugarcane.The most widespread crop in Brazil is sugarcane, with 391,767 thousand tons coming from the2018/2019 harvest [1]. Demand for renewable fuels has considerably increased in recent years. There has been a significant increase of interest in sugarcane. Sugarcane bagasse is composed of an elaborate arrangement of polysaccharides. Molecules 2019, 24, 3614 and proteins, combined with inorganic and organic ions acquired during different stages of culturing and processing [2]. Apart from these different sources of ions and the composition of the plant material, the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse has become extremely important for determining the ionic composition of the substrate for the enzymatic saccharification. The cost and success of bioethanol production process from lignocellulosic biomass depends largely on the recalcitrant biomass itself, as well as on the repertoire of enzymes involved in the depolymerization of the constituent polysaccharides in the cell wall [3]
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