Matrices for Composite Materials

Abstract

Matrix is an essential constituent for the formation of a composite material. Matrices are a subclass of materials, and they are generally of four kinds: (i) polymer, (ii) metal, (iii) ceramic, and (iv) cement. Each type of these subclasses of matrix is presented with a brief description of their pros and cons. Polymer matrices are organic-based, whereas metal or ceramic matrices are inorganic in nature. Carbon as a matrix material for high-tech carbon–carbon composite materials is also mentioned. Cement is a special kind of matrix material because of its very special solidification mechanism during the formation of concrete composites; and it is of high value in civil engineering. For higher temperature, metal, ceramic, or carbon matrix materials are useful. Generally, lightweight metals such as titanium, aluminum, and magnesium, and intermetallics such as nickel aluminide and titanium aluminide are used; the operating temperature can be extended to 2,000°C. Metal matrices have higher strength and ductility than polymers but at the cost of higher density. Ceramics have various conductivities, but they have poor tensile strength despite their ability to afford high-temperature products. Carbon matrix-based C/C composites can be used up to 3,000°C but only in critical areas of applications.