Abstract
Based on spermatophore counts, >40% of the overwintering females were mated when they arrived at the Pismo North Beach winter site, San Luis Obispo County, California, in October. This percentage remained statistically unchanged until a few weeks before emigration in February. During this period, significantly more mating pairs on the ground were observed within the grove than in an adjacent open field. There was a positive linear relationship between female forewing lengths and the number of spermatophores. Mean female body weights decreased to their lowest level in December but increased in March to a level similar to their arrival weights. This increase, however, is attributed to size (based on forewing length) of the butterflies remaining at the winter site rather than to their multiplemated condition.
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