Abstract
BackgroundMechanical load-induced intraosseous pressure gradients may result in some fluid stimuli effects, such as fluid flow and fluid shear stress (FSS), which may enable bone cells to detect external mechanical signals. Interstitial bone fluid flow is known to occur in lacunar–canalicular porosity (PLC).MethodsIn order to characterize lacunar–canalicular fluid flow behavior, a hierarchical osteon system is developed. The osteon is modeled as a poroelastic annular cylinder with two types of impermeable boundary cases considered on its outer wall: one is elastic restrained (Case I), whereas the other is displacement confined (Case II). Analytical solutions such as canalicular fluid velocity, pressure, fluid flow rate (FFR), and shear stress are obtained.ResultsResults show that the amplitudes of FFR and FSS are proportional to strain amplitude and frequency. However, the key loading factor governing canalicular fluid flow behavior is the strain rate. The larger canalicular radius is, the larger amplitudes of FFR and FSS generalized, especially, the FSS amplitude is proportional to canalicular radius. In addition, both FFR and FSS amplitudes produced in case II are larger than those of case I.ConclusionStrain rate can be acted as a representative loading parameter governing the canalicular fluid flow behavior under a physiological state. This model can facilitate better understanding the load induced the fluid permeation in the PLC. The approach can also be used to analyze the structure of the proteoglycan matrix in the fluid space surrounding the osteocytic process in the canaliculus.
Highlights
Mechanical load-induced intraosseous pressure gradients may result in some fluid stimuli effects, such as fluid flow and fluid shear stress (FSS), which may enable bone cells to detect external mechanical signals
Intraosseous pressure gradients may result in some fluid stimuli effects (fluid flow, fluid shear stress (FSS), and streaming potentials), which may enable bone cells to initiate the process of adapting bone mass and structure to the environment [2]
Role of loading factor: axial strain amplitude εz0 and frequency As shown in Fig. 3, the fluid flow rate (FFR) amplitudes (|Q|, fluid shear stress amplitude (FFRA)) and FSS amplitudes (|τw|, fluid flow rate amplitude (FSSA)) of the two cases are proportional to the loading amplitude and frequency (ω)
Summary
Mechanical load-induced intraosseous pressure gradients may result in some fluid stimuli effects, such as fluid flow and fluid shear stress (FSS), which may enable bone cells to detect external mechanical signals. Intraosseous pressure gradients may result in some fluid stimuli effects (fluid flow, fluid shear stress (FSS), and streaming potentials), which may enable bone cells to initiate the process of adapting bone mass and structure to the environment [2]. This process may be the basic mechanism of bone mechanotransduction. This porosity provides an ideal milieu for transfer of exogenous and endogenous signals via mechanical, electrical, and chemical mechanisms [7]
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