Abstract
Sustainable energy has started to attract many researchers due to the ecological imbalance as a result of fossil-based energy sources. The use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil-based resources is a critical choice in preserving the ecological balance when making smart city designs. When all sorts of renewable energy sources are explored, solar energy appears to be the most applicable resource in smart and clean city designs. Solar energy is a source that can be obtained in most of the cities more or less. It is also a clean and relatively low-cost alternative without carbon emission in the production process and it can be stored. Even the intensity of the solar energy in a city is low and it can be transformed into mechanical and electrical (e.g., photovoltaic) energies with appropriate efficiency. Thus, solar energy is the optimum choice for smart and clean city designs.
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