Abstract
Hydrogels are commonly used as Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) as patches due to its ability to store drug molecules within their structures. The release can be activated under certain stimuli, such as temperature and pH. In this paper, the mathematical modelling of acetaminophen release in hydroxypropyl cellulose with polyacrylamide (HPC/PAAm) is reported. The HPC/PAAm gel was synthesized in proportions of 25/75 wt% and was characterized by FTIR, DSC, optical microscopy, SEM, and TGA, with and without acetaminophen. The release tests were performed for hypothermic, normal, and febrile human body conditions, at 35, 37, and 39°C, respectively, on two release media: water and phosphate buffer solution. In order to describe the release of acetaminophen in HPC/PAAm gel, a genetic programming algorithm was used to accomplish Multigene Symbolic Regression (MSR). Characterization results showed that the drug was crystallized on the surface of the HPC/PAAm gel. Release test results showed that several simultaneous processes occurred in the acetaminophen diffusion phenomenon. A unique mathematical model was obtained by MSR. This model was able to describe the release of acetaminophen in HPC/PAAm gel with high values of R2 and adjusted R2 and to simulate the drug release at times beyond the end of the experiment. High values of R2 and low values of Coefficient of Variation (CV), Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were obtained from the comparison between the simulated and the experimental data. This allows to conclude that the mathematical model is reliable to represent and simulate the acetaminophen release in HPC/PAAm gel at 35, 37, and 39°C.
Highlights
Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) are those transport mechanisms that allow the drug active substances to be released in the human body
The mathematical model that describes the release of acetaminophen in hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)/PAAm was determined by means of the free-access genetic programming tool GPTIPS software in its version 1.0, used to perform Multigene Symbolic Regression in MATLAB [26,27,28]
These results corroborate that the mathematical model obtained by Multigene Symbolic Regression (MSR) is reliable to represent the release of acetaminophen in HPC/PAAm gel in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 35, 37, and 39°C
Summary
Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) are those transport mechanisms that allow the drug active substances to be released in the human body. = kKPtn ð4Þ where Mt is the mass of water absorbed in time t and M∞ is the mass of water in the equilibrium; k0, k1, kH, and kKP are the release rate constants which incorporate structural and geometric features of the delivery system; C0, C1, and CH are the intercepts in their equations; and n is an exponent that indicates the mechanism by which drug release occurs. These models are certainly useful to determine the possible drug release mechanism. The paper closes with a section that summarizes the findings and concludes the paper with a brief discussion on the scope for future work
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