Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of reducing the technogenic load from high-dose nitrogen pollution of the soil layer by encapsulating granules of nitrogen fertilizers in slowly soluble phosphate-containing membranes. The process of dissolving and washing out of the primordial soil layer of the nutrients from urea, encapsulated by superphosphate shells in soil columns, was studied according to agrochemical techniques. The purpose of the work is to determine the parameters of the investigated process, based on which the previously developed physical model of soil washing of moving nitrogen forms, based on experimental data. The process of changing the loss of nitrogen from the soil when using different types of fertilizers depending on the amount of washing was studied by simulation. Mathematically, the process is described in general terms as a linear differential equation of the first order in partial derivatives. The solution of the equation under the initial and boundary conditions allowed to calculate the parameters of the model describing the nature of changes in the losses of nitrogen from the soil column. Comparison of calculated and experimental data showed a coincidence of values with a correlation coefficient above 0.96 for investigated nitrogen fertilizers with different composition of the phosphate-containing coating.
Highlights
Ecological safety of nitrogen fertilizer granules encapsulated by phosphate-containing coatings when theirs introducing into the soil is due to the necessity of ensuring the needs of agricultural crops by this type of nutrients and requires to prevent the local supersaturation of the soil layer by nitrates and heavy metals by rapid dissolution of chemical elements of fertilizers
Where C – concentration of nitrogen for a fertilizer dissolved in a granule, mg/kg; C* – limiting concentration of nitrogen for a fertilizer dissolved in the granule, mg/kg; t – time, weeks; v – velocity of nitrogen release from the granule's cover, mm/week; y – space coordinate, mm; k – dissolution rate [20] evaluated experimentally, week–1
4 Results In the case of zero value of the initial nitrogen release, the results of theoretical calculations according to the mathematical model determined by Eq (5) are presented in Fig. 2 for different values of the parameter α which corresponds to different types of fertilizers
Summary
Ecological safety of nitrogen fertilizer granules encapsulated by phosphate-containing coatings when theirs introducing into the soil is due to the necessity of ensuring the needs of agricultural crops by this type of nutrients and requires to prevent the local supersaturation of the soil layer by nitrates and heavy metals by rapid dissolution of chemical elements of fertilizers. In this case, the physical and chemical properties of mineral fertilizers play an extremely important role. The high solubility of nitrogen-containing fertilizers significantly increases the content of nitrates in soil ecosystems. The abovementioned problem becomes an urgent one in up-to-date agricultural production
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