Abstract
A mathematical model has been developed to describe the behavior of minor elements during flash smelting and flash converting. The model incorporates equations describing volatilization of minor elements from the molten particles and distribution of these elements between the molten phases in the settler. The basic premise of the volatilization model is that at the surface of the molten particle, the partial pressures of the minor-element species are those at equilibrium. Transport of the minor-element species to the gas then is described by external mass transfer. Good agreement has been obtained between observed and predicted behaviors. The effects of oxygen enrichment, matte grade, and wall temperature, as well as the bath temperature, on minor-element behavior have been elucidated.
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