Abstract
The main factors that determine heat losses in a steelmaking ladle are reviewed. Controlling the temperature of the liquid steel from the primary refining until casting is essential to achieve product quality as well as energy savings. Among other objectives this study sought to assess the relative weight of heat losses to the refractory lining and the thermal losses through the slag layer. Temperature, slag thickness and properties, refractory temperature and physical properties and convection characteristics are the defining factors. Numerical integration was carried out with a computer code specifically developed for the purpose .The results show that heat loss through the refractory linings at side wall is relatively high compared to that through the bottom and slag layer, Heat loss through the double slag layer depends on temperature, slag thickness, heat transfer coefficient and time.
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