Abstract
This paper theoretically and qualitatively describes the calling behavior of the Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica with a simple model of phase oscillators. Experimental analysis showed that while an isolated single male frog called nearly periodically, two interacting male frogs called periodically but alternately, with little overlap. We model these phenomena as a system of coupled phase oscillators, where each isolated oscillator behaves periodically as a model of the calling of a single frog, and two coupled oscillators show antiphase synchronization, reflecting the alternately calling behavior of two interacting frogs. Then, we extend the model to a system of three coupled oscillators virtually corresponding to three interacting male frogs, and analyse the nonlinear dynamics and the bifurcation. We also discuss the biological meaning of the calling behavior and its possible application to artificial life and robotics.
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