Abstract
Integrated biological systems such as activated sludge-powdered activated carbon [PAC] combinations are used in ever increasing numbers. For conventional activated sludge systems excellent models existed which presumably were also suitable for application to a PAC-fed system. PAC addition enhances bacterial activity, adsorption of dissolved organics and settleability of activated sludge flocs in the final clarifier. Simple laboratory experiments can demonstrate the degree of improvement in a PAC-fed system over the conventional activated sludge one. When using the present model the evaluation of several kinetic constants stemming from simple experiments may help to predict the performance of large scale operation even under unsteady state conditions.
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