Abstract
The article presents the results of a study aimed at creating a mathematical model of thermodynamic processes in the intake manifold of a forced diesel engine, taking into account the features of simultaneous injection of fuel and water into the collector. In the course of the study, the tasks of developing a mathematical model were solved, it was implemented in the existing software for component simulation “Internal combustion engine research and development” (ICE RnD), created using the Modelica language, and verification was undertaken using the results of bench tests of diesel engines with injection fuel and water into the intake manifold. The mathematical model is based on a system of equations for the energy and mass balances of gases and includes detailed mathematical submodels of the processes of simultaneous evaporation of fuel and water in the intake manifold; it takes into account the effect of the evaporation of fuel and water on the parameters of the gas state in the intake manifold; it takes into account the influence of the state parameters of the working fluid in the intake manifold on the physical characteristics of fuel and water; it meets the principles of component modeling, since it does not contain parameters that are not related to the simulated component; it describes the process of simultaneous transfer of vapors and non-evaporated liquids between components; and it does not include empirical relationships requiring data on the dynamics of fuel evaporation under reference conditions. According to the results of a full-scale experiment, the adequacy of the mathematical model developed was confirmed. This model can be used to determine the rational design parameters of the fuel and water injection system, the adjusting parameters of the forced diesel engine that provide the required power, and economic indicators, taking into account the limitations on the magnitude of the mechanical and thermal loads of its parts.
Highlights
The modern economy requires the maximum reduction of time and money spent on the development and preparation of production, the analysis of the object’s technical condition at all stages of the life cycle, and the fast introduction of changes to the products design parameters and operation modes [1]
Analysis of the calculation results, using the developed mathematical model, implemented into a Analysis of the calculation results, using the developed mathematical model, implemented into complex simulation model of a diesel engine, makes it possible to reveal the general patterns of the a complex simulation model of a diesel engine, makes it possible to reveal the general patterns of the influence of various factors on the characteristics of engine processes with water and fuel injection into influence of various factors on the characteristics of engine processes with water and fuel injection the intake manifold, which can be illustrated with specific examples
The stepped nature of the change in the concentration of vapors in the inlet channel of the cylinder head is explained by the cyclic opening and closing of valves and, the dynamics of gas flow in its volume
Summary
The modern economy requires the maximum reduction of time and money spent on the development and preparation of production, the analysis of the object’s technical condition at all stages of the life cycle, and the fast introduction of changes to the products design parameters and operation modes [1]. The development and implementation of digital twin technology can significantly increase the effectiveness of research and development by maximizing the replacement of costly and time-consuming real product tests with virtual ones without sacrificing their quality. This fully applies to reciprocating internal combustion engines—the main sources of mechanical energy for operating land vehicles [2]. Energies 2020, 13, 4315 that is, with the required accuracy to describe the processes as they would take place and with which it is possible to conduct computational experiments in order to obtain information about the dynamics system Digital twins and their underlying simulations can help solve a wide range of engine design challenges. One of the urgent tasks is to increase the power of reciprocating engines while maintaining weight, dimensions and resource indicators, meeting the restrictions on emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases
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