Mathematical analysis and optimal control for Chikungunya virus with two routes of infection with nonlinear incidence rate

Abstract

Chikungunya fever, caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes, has posed a global threat in several countries. In this paper, we investigated a modified within-host Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection model with antibodies where two routes of infection are considered. In a first step, the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] was calculated and the local and global stability analysis of the steady states is carried out using the local linearization and the Lyapunov method. It is proven that the CHIKV-free steady-state [Formula: see text] is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text], and the infected steady-state [Formula: see text] is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text]. In a second step, we applied an optimal strategy in order to optimize the infected compartment and to maximize the uninfected one. For this, we formulated a nonlinear optimal control problem. Existence of the optimal solution was discussed and characterized using some adjoint variables. Thus, an algorithm based on competitive Gauss–Seidel-like implicit difference method was applied in order to resolve the optimality system. The theoretical results are confirmed by some numerical simulations.