Maternal-fetal response resulting from the practice of physical exercise during pregnancy: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: pregnancy determines adaptive systemic and local modifications, with the main objective to promote fetal growth and development. These are physiological adaptations and occur in reaction to the presence of a fetus and his tissues, modulated by the enhanced action of several trophoblastic/placental, fetal, and maternal hormones. In spite of these physiological adaptations, pregnant women benefit from regular exercise. However, there are still controversies, both in relation to the practice of regular exercise during pregnancy and fetal risk imposed by exercises. Objectives: to carry out a bibliographic research on the physiological alterations and physical exercise in pregnancy and fetal responses to its effects. Methodology: a systematic review addressed physiological alterations and physical exercises in pregnancy, from the 80s to the present. Results: there was significant increase in fetal HR (heart rate) after the protocol of exercises without fetal distress (SF). However, when the maternal HR exceeded 140 bpm, SF happened. Conclusion: the practice of physical exercise at moderate intensity (up to 140 bpm of maternal HR) seems beneficial to the mother and fetus in non-complicated pregnancies.