Abstract
We investigated the association between maternal zinc level during pregnancy and the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a large population-based birth cohort study. In this study, 3187 pregnant women were recruited. For serum zinc level, 2940 pregnant women were sufficient (≥56 μg/dL) and 247 deficient (<56 μg/dL). Of interest, 7.3% newborns were with LBW among subjects with low zinc level (RR: 3.48; 95% CI: 2.03, 5.96; P < 0.001). Adjusted RR for LBW was 3.41 (95% CI: 1.97, 5.91; P < 0.001) among subjects with low zinc level. Moreover, 15.0% newborns were with SGA among subjects with low zinc level (RR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.88; P < 0.001). Adjusted RR for SGA was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.82; P < 0.001) among subjects with low zinc level. A nested case-control study within above cohort showed that maternal serum zinc level was lower in SGA cases as compared with controls. By contrast, maternal serum C-reactive protein, TNF-α and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in SGA cases than that of controls. Moreover, nuclear NF-κB p65 was significantly up-regulated in placentas of SGA cases as compared with controls. Taken together, maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of LBW and SGA infants.
Highlights
We investigated the association between maternal zinc level during pregnancy and the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a large population-based birth cohort study
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), which manifests as low birth weight (LBW) or small for gestational age (SGA), increases infant mortality and morbidity[1,2]
15.0% newborns were with SGA among subjects with low zinc level (RR: 1.98; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.36, 2.88; P < 0.001)
Summary
We investigated the association between maternal zinc level during pregnancy and the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a large population-based birth cohort study. Fetal growth restriction (FGR), which manifests as low birth weight (LBW) or small for gestational age (SGA), increases infant mortality and morbidity[1,2]. The link between maternal zinc status during pregnancy and birth weight has been investigated in several small epidemiological studies[16,17]. We were to further analyze the association between maternal serum zinc level at different gestational stages and the risks of LBW and SGA infants. We sought to explore the link among maternal serum zinc level during pregnancy, placental inflammation and the incidence of LBW and SGA infants
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