Abstract
To determine the impact of socioeconomic status on plasma trace element status and pregnancy outcomes, 349 pregnant women, aged 15-40 years (mean 27.04 +/- 2.75 years), recruited at < or = 25 weeks (mean 21.76 +/- 3.12 weeks) gestational age, were followed up till delivery during which maternal and foetal outcomes were recorded. Plasma copper, iron, and zinc were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer while maternal sociodemographic data were obtained using a questionnaire. Except for copper, lower plasma iron and zinc were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in women from socioeconomically-disadvantaged groups. Both adverse maternal health and foetal outcomes also seemed to be more prevalent in socioeconomically-disadvantaged women, although without a definite trend. This study has shown that, in economically-disadvantaged setting of developing countries, maternal socioeconomic status impacts on maternal trace element (copper, iron, and zinc) status and health and foetal outcomes.
Highlights
Maternal socioeconomic status and non-modifiable, non-biological factors that affect mental and physical well-being [1] have been associated with maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcomes [2,3]
It is increasingly acknowledged that societal factors play a significant role in micronutrient status and pregnancy outcomes [1,3], studies on impacts of socioeconomic status on pregnancy outcomes have produced conflicting results [4,5]
The risk of preterm birth has been reported in mothers of low socioeconomic status [6]
Summary
Maternal socioeconomic status and non-modifiable, non-biological factors that affect mental and physical well-being [1] have been associated with maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcomes [2,3]. The risk of preterm birth has been reported in mothers of low socioeconomic status [6]. In Danish and Norwegian populations, the risk of preterm birth was reported to have an inverse association with educational level of mothers [7]. Trace elements in socioeconomically-disadvantaged pregnant Nigerians (copper, iron, and zinc) has been reported among Nigerian pregnant women [18], there is a paucity of data on the role of maternal socioeconomic status on plasma levels of these trace elements and pregnancy outcomes. The present study was, conducted to determine the impact of maternal sociodemographic parameters on plasma iron, copper and zinc level and pregnancy outcomes in Nigerian pregnant women
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