Maternal Smoking and Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, Common Metabolic Polymorphisms, and the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Abstract

PP-30-170 Background/Aims: A few environmental factors such as cigarette smoking or alcohol use have been shown to affect the pregnancy outcomes. However, gene-environment interaction remains still unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the associations between maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, common metabolic polymorphisms, and the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Methods: This case-control study of 204 cases with 2 or more RPL and fertile 383 controls was performed in the city of Sapporo, Japan, during the years 2001–2006. The association between cigarette smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy together with common metabolic and pregnancy–associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, namely CYP1A1 rs4646903 (3698T>C), GSTP1 rs1695 (I105V), COMT rs4680 (V158M), NQO1 rs1800566 (P187S), and PAPPA rs7020782 (Y1224S), and RPL was assessed. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine whether there were any associations using SPSS 17.0. Results: Without consideration of cigarette smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy, the women with homozygotes for the CYP1A1 C allele had a 2.8-fold elevated risk of RPL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–5.4), while those with homozygotes for the COMT A allele had a 0.4-fold risk of RPL (95% CI: 0.1–1.0). With consideration of smoking, the smokers with homozygotes for the CYP1A1 C allele had a 6.1-fold elevated risk of RPL (95% CI: 1.3–28.6). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the risk of RPL might be increased due to gene-environment interaction.