Maternal Risk Factors and Perinatal Outcome in Women with Abruptio Placenta

Abstract

Background and objective: Abruptio placenta is a significant cause of antepartum hemorrhage associated with fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to determine the maternal risk factors and subsequent fetal and maternal outcomes in women with abruption placenta. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq from 1st of August, 2020 until 1st of August, 2021. Sixty Women diagnosed with abruption placenta from 24 weeks of gestation and more were included. Maternal information was collected by a designed questionnaire to determine the risk factors associated with abruptio placentae and the mode of delivery with fetal and maternal outcomes. Results: Sixty pregnant women with abruptio placentae were included in the study. The main risk factors for abruption placenta were previous cesarean section, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and smoking. The rates of stillbirth and early neonatal death were 15% and 1.7% respectively. Newborns with low birth weight were 30%. Adverse maternal outcome for those delivered by emergency cesarean section was 22.7%, and (hysterectomy or other surgical procedures) was significantly high 22.7% among women aged ? 35 years. Perinatal mortality rate was significantly high when the delivery was with both emergency cs and vaginal delivery. The Fetal mortality was low 4.8% among neonates whose weight was 2.5 Kg and above, and it was high among neonates of less than 1 Kg 83.3%. Conclusion: Abruptio placenta associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Previous Caesarian section, gestational hypertension, and smoking are the main risk factors.