Maternal Plasma Homocysteine Levels & Pregnancy Outcome

Abstract

Background: Elevated homocysteine levels have been implicated in various adverse pregnancy outcomes, but its association with high-risk pregnancies remains inadequately explored. This study examines the relationship between maternal plasma homocysteine levels and socio-demographic, lifestyle characteristics in high-risk versus control pregnancy groups.  Methods: A comparative cohort study design was utilized, involving 108 participants divided into a control group (n=44) with normal pregnancies and a study group (n=64) identified as high-risk. The study assessed maternal plasma homocysteine levels using a chemiluminescent method and evaluated socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics through comprehensive history intake and examinations. Statistical analyses compared homocysteine levels between groups and within specific conditions in the high-risk group.  Results: The study group demonstrated a higher mean age and significant percentages of unbooked pregnancies, illiteracy, unemployment, and rural residency compared to the control group. Notably, approximately two-thirds of the high-risk group had a diet deficient in essential nutrients. Homocysteine levels were significantly elevated in the high-risk group (mean 12.82 ± 2.46 μmol/L) compared to the control group (mean 6.4 ± 1.16 μmol/L, P < 0.05). Within the high-risk group, specific conditions such as previous abortions, preterm pain, and antepartum hemorrhage were associated with distinct homocysteine level patterns, suggesting varying degrees of risk across different pregnancy complications.  Conclusion: Elevated homocysteine levels are significantly associated with high-risk pregnancies and specific adverse outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of addressing socio-demographic and lifestyle factors alongside biochemical markers in the management and intervention strategies for high-risk pregnancies. Tailored nutritional and lifestyle interventions targeting homocysteine levels could potentially mitigate these risks.