Maternal physical activity and sitting time and its association with placental morphology and blood flow during gestation: Findings from the Queensland Family Cohort study

Abstract

ObjectivesAntenatal exercise is associated with placental morphological alterations, however research in this area is limited. Given the emphasis on the beneficial effects of antenatal exercise, it is important to understand its effect on placental function and the relationship to foetal development. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity, sitting time, and placental outcomes measured during gestation. DesignProspective cohort study. MethodsPregnant women in the Queensland Family Cohort study self-reported physical activity at 24 and 36 weeks of gestation (n = 203) and were categorised into physical activity volume groups of nil–low (0–<500 metabolic equivalent of task·minutes/week), moderate (500–<1000 metabolic equivalent of task·minutes/week), or high-volume activity (≥1000 metabolic equivalent of task·minutes/week). Participants reported average daily sitting time, whereby excessive sitting time was considered as ≥8h/day. Placental stiffness, thickness, and uteroplacental blood flow resistance were measured by ultrasound imaging at each timepoint. ResultsPhysical activity volume was not associated with changes to placental morphometrics or uteroplacental blood flow resistance at 24 or 36 weeks of gestation. Excessive sitting time at 36 weeks was associated with greater placental stiffness (p = 0.046), and a lower umbilical artery pulsatility index (p = 0.001). ConclusionsPlacental tissue stiffness and umbilical artery resistance were altered in late gestation with higher maternal sitting time but not with physical activity volume. Overall, excessive sitting time may be a risk for suboptimal placental function and could be an important focus for antenatal care.