Abstract
Aims. We aim to evaluate the association of maternal gestational oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose concentrations with anthropometry in the offspring from birth to 12 months in Tianjin, China. Methods. A total of 27,157 pregnant women underwent OGTT during 26–30 weeks gestation, and their children had body weight/length measured from birth to 12 months old. Results. Maternal OGTT glucose concentrations at 26–30 gestational weeks were positively associated with Z-scores for birth length-for-gestational age and birth weight-for-length. Compared with infants born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance, infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (impaired glucose tolerance/new diabetes) had higher mean values of Z-scores for birth length-for-gestational age (0.07/0.23; normal group −0.08) and birth weight-for-length (0.27/0.57; normal group −0.001), smaller changes in mean values of Z-scores for length-for-age (0.75/0.62; normal group 0.94) and weight-for-length (0.18/−0.17; normal group 0.37) from birth to month 3, and bigger changes in mean values in Z-scores for weight-for-length (0.07/0.12; normal group 0.02) from month 9 to 12. Conclusions. Abnormal maternal glucose tolerance during pregnancy was associated with higher birth weight and birth length, less weight and length gain in the first 3 months of life, and more weight gain in the months 9–12 of life.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasingly common worldwide [1]
After adjustment for maternal age, prepregnancy Body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, family history of diabetes, education, family income, and infant feeding status, infants born to mothers with GDM had smaller changes in mean values of Z-scores for length-forage and weight-for length from birth to month 3 and from birth to month 12 compared with those infants born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance
From month 9 to 12, changes in mean values of Z-scores for weight-for-length were bigger among infants born to mothers with GDM compared with those infants born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance (0.02)
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasingly common worldwide [1]. In China, the prevalence of GDM has increased from 2.4% in 1999 to 6.8% in 2008 [2], close to the US level. Women with a history of GDM are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) later in life [4], especially at the first 5 years after delivery [5]. The exposure to diabetes during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of neonatal adiposity, childhood obesity, insulin resistance, IGT, and type 2 diabetes in the offspring in some but not all studies [6,7,8]. Hillier et al [10] found that a higher hyperglycemia level in pregnancy was associated with an increased future risk of obesity in their children at 5–7 years. Most previous studies have paid more attention to the association between maternal hyperglycemia and children obesity in the offspring of more than 5 years old [8].
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