Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the contextual stability, the contextual continuity and the concurrent associations between maternal measures (general language, communicative functions and mind-mindedness) and child measures (total number of word types and tokens) in two different contexts, free-play and mealtime. To this purpose, the interactions occurring between 25 mothers and their 16-month-old children in each context were video-recorded, transcribed and later coded for the selected measures. Significant contextual stability was observed in the mothers' production of general language measures (total number of utterances, total number of words and MLU), in the children's production of word types and tokens, and in some communicative functions (Tutorial, Control and Asynchronous). No contextual stability was found for the mothers' production of attuned mind-related comments. For continuity, both mothers and children produced more utterances and words in the free-play than in the mealtime context; the production of attuned mind-related comments and the use of the Control function were also more frequent in the free-play context. Lastly, the analysis of the concurrent correlations indicated that, especially in the mealtime context, the number of words produced by children was positively associated with the number of words produced by mothers and by their use of the Tutorial and Didactic functions, but negatively associated with their use of the Control function. The mothers' production of attuned mind-related comments bore no relation with children's expressive language. Similarities and differences with previous findings are discussed.
Highlights
Parental responsiveness is a broad concept encompassing sensitivity, support, synchrony, emotional availability, prompt and effective comforting when the child is distressed, and helpful, supportive engagement in play and teaching contexts (Miller, Kim, Boldt, Goffin & Kochanska, 2019)
In agreement with previous studies (Camaioni et al, 1998; Longobardi, 1992, 1995; Longobardi et al, 2015b, 2018), the Conversational and Control functions were frequently used by mothers, followed by the Tutorial and Didactic functions; Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core
The results indicated that mothers were highly stable in the number of utterances and words produced in the free-play and mealtime contexts (r = 0.52, p = 0.007 and r = 0.63, p = 0.001, respectively), as well as in their mean length of utterances (MLU) (r = 0.54, p = 0.004)
Summary
Parental responsiveness is a broad concept encompassing sensitivity, support, synchrony, emotional availability, prompt and effective comforting when the child is distressed, and helpful, supportive engagement in play and teaching contexts (Miller, Kim, Boldt, Goffin & Kochanska, 2019). Available research indicates that maternal mind-mindedness is positively associated with responsiveness (see Zeegers, Colonnesi, Stams & Meins, 2017, for a review and meta-analysis); the proportions of attuned mind-related comments produced by mothers have been found to predict children’s later language (Laranjo & Bernier, 2013; Longobardi, Spataro & Colonnesi, 2018; Meins & Fernyhough, 1999), attachment security (Laranjo, Bernier & Meins, 2008; Meins et al, 2001, Meins, Fernyhough, de Rosnay, Arnott, Leekam & Turner, 2012; Miller et al, 2019; Zeegers et al, 2017), theory of mind (Kirk et al, 2015; Laranjo, Bernier, Meins & Carlson, 2014; Lundy, 2013; Meins, Fernyhough, Wainwright, Clark-Carter, Gupta, Fradley & Tuckey, 2003; Meins, Fernyhough, Arnott, Leekam & de Rosnay, 2013), emotion regulation (Centifanti, Meins & Fernyhough, 2016), symbolic play (Giovanelli et al, 2019), and school readiness (Bernier, McMahon & Perrier, 2017)
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