Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy, but little is known about the influence of these disorders on gestational weight gain (GWG). Data from a prospective cohort of pregnant women followed in a public healthcare center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were used to evaluate the association of depression, anxiety, and suicide risk with GWG. GWG was evaluated at 5–13, 20–26, 30–36, and 37–42 weeks, and GWG adequacy was determined. Statistical analyses included linear mixed-effect models and Poisson regression. We evaluated 206 women, in which 15% (n = 31) presented major depressive disorder, 19.4% (n = 34) suicide risk and 10% (n = 21) generalized anxiety disorder at baseline. Women with depression at the first trimester, persistent depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms at the second trimester presented significantly lower rates of GWG per week compared to those without depression or anxiety, respectively. Persistent depressive symptoms represented a 2.40 (95% CI 1.20; 4.81; p = 0.013) increase in the risk of insufficient GWG. There was no significant association between generalized anxiety disorder or suicide risk with GWG. The presence of depression, depressive symptoms, and anxiety during pregnancy were associated with lower GWG rates. Persistent depressive symptoms during pregnancy were directly associated with insufficient GWG.
Highlights
Depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy, but little is known about the influence of these disorders on gestational weight gain (GWG)
The presence of depressive symptoms at second (11.1 (SD = 5.7) vs. 13.8 (SD = 5.4); p = 0.010] and third [11.2 (SD = 5.1) vs. 13.6 (SD = 5.6); p = 0.014] trimester and persistent depressive symptoms during pregnancy [8.6 (SD = 4.9) vs. 13.6 (5.4); p < 0.001] were associated with lower means of total GWG. It was observed a higher proportion of insufficient GWG in women with persistent depressive symptoms than adequate or excessive gestational weight gain [18.7% vs. 16.3% and 2.3%; p = 0.002, respectively]
Women classified as having anxiety symptoms at the second trimester presented significant lower means of total GWG [12.0 (SD = 5.4) vs. 14.0 (SD = 5.6); p = 0.015] and a higher proportion of insufficient GWG, compared to those with adequate or excessive GWG (58.8% vs. 42.9% and 34.7%; p = 0.049, respectively) (Table 1)
Summary
Depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy, but little is known about the influence of these disorders on gestational weight gain (GWG). Persistent depressive symptoms during pregnancy were directly associated with insufficient GWG Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy[1,2]. The prevalence of suicide intention or suicide ideation varies from 5 to 14%16,17 worldwide, and Brazilian studies reported values between 1 818 and 23%19 during pregnancy These mental health disorders are a significant public health concern and may have short- and long-term impacts on the mother’s and offspring’s life[20,21,22,23]. The effect of these disorders on GWG trajectories remains unclear, especially in low and middle-income countries, where the prevalence of those disorders has increased s ubstantially[8,9]. This study aimed to estimate the association between depression, anxiety, and suicide risk with GWG trajectories and GWG adequacy among Brazilian women
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