Abstract
The change in maternal lipid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations during pregnancy and infant birth weight (BW) is still poorly characterized. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the association of maternal lipids, leptin and adiponectin throughout pregnancy with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births and BW z-score. A prospective cohort of 199 mothers was followed during pregnancy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The statistical analyses comprised multiple logistic and linear regression. Women delivered 36 LGA and 11 small-for-gestational-age newborns. HDL-c rate of change throughout pregnancy was negatively associated with BW z-score (β = −1.99; p = 0.003) and the delivery of a LGA newborn (OR = 0.02; p = 0.043). Pregnancy baseline concentration of log leptin was positively associated (OR = 3.92; p = 0.025) with LGA births. LDL-c rate of change throughout pregnancy was positively associated with BW z-score (β = 0.31; p = 0.004). Log triglycerides and log adiponectin were not significantly associated with BW z-score or LGA birth. In conclusion, a higher log leptin pregnancy baseline concentration and a lower HDL-c rate of change during pregnancy were associated with higher odds of having a LGA newborn. These maternal biomarkers are important to foetal growth and could be used in prenatal care as an additional strategy to screen women at risk of inadequate BW.
Highlights
The change in maternal lipid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations during pregnancy and infant birth weight (BW) is still poorly characterized
We did not find significant interactions between maternal body mass index (BMI) and lipids, leptin or adiponectin on BW z-score or LGA births in crude or adjusted models
The HDL-c rate of change during pregnancy was negatively associated with BW z-score and the delivery of LGA newborns, whereas the pregnancy baseline log leptin concentrations, but not the rate of change, were positively associated with these outcomes
Summary
The change in maternal lipid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations during pregnancy and infant birth weight (BW) is still poorly characterized. An increase in leptin and a decrease in adiponectin concentrations are expected, studies have reported that women experience different rates of change of adipokines during pregnancy depending on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)[20,21,22] In this way, the pregnancy change in adipokines could be a potential mechanism linking maternal adiposity to foetal weight gain. Considering the importance of foetal development and subsequent BW for health in early and late life and the lack of consensus regarding the associations between maternal lipids, leptin and adiponectin and BW, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of maternal lipid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations throughout pregnancy with BW z-score and the prevalence of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births
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