Maternal exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood lymphoma in France: A pooled analysis of the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies (SFCE)

Abstract

BackgroundFew studies have assessed the relation between maternal prenatal pesticides use and childhood lymphoma risk, some reporting a positive association with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We investigated the association between maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and childhood Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. MethodsWe pooled data from the two French national population-based case-control studies ESCALE (2003-2004) and ESTELLE (2010-2011). Data on domestic and occupational exposures to pesticides during pregnancy were obtained through standardised maternal interviews. Logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HL and NHL, by pesticide category adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses by histological subtypes were also performed. ResultsWe included 328 H L, 305 non-Hodgkin NHL and 2,415 controls. Around 40% of control mothers reported having used pesticides during index pregnancy, of whom 95% reported insecticides use. Maternal use of herbicides and fungicides occurred mostly in combination with insecticides. Insecticides use was more frequently reported in cases than controls (ORNHL = 1.6 [95%CI 1.3–2.1], p = 0.0001; ORHL = 1.3 [95%CI 1.0–1.7], p = 0.03). This association appeared more marked for Burkitt lymphoma and mixed cellularity classical HL. No obvious association was observed with occupational pesticides exposure during pregnancy. ConclusionThese results suggest that maternal domestic use of insecticides during pregnancy might be related to both childhood NHL and HL. Further larger studies are urgently needed.