Maternal energy metabolism and angiogenesis genes polymorphisms in fetal growth restriction

Abstract

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex syndrome in which fetal growth is lower than the normal growth potential as a result of genetic (maternal and fetal) or environmental factors. In this study we aimed to determine the associations of maternal genetic variants of Leptin Receptor gene (LEPR) (G668A), fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) (A23525T) and Nitric Oxide Synthase gene (NOS3) (C786T) with FGR. Healthy Pregnant women (n = 30) were compared with FGR-diagnosed (n = 36) in a case-control study. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in real time was used for genotyping. Next, SNP-SNP interactions were analyzed using the multifactor dimensionality reduction method. According to our data, no statistically significant associations of LEPR (G668A) or FTO (A23525T) with FGR (p = 0.765 and p = 0.461, respectively). For NOS3 (C634G), (CT) genotype was significantly associated with low FGR risk while (TT) genotype was associated with higher relative risk of developing FGR (p < 0.001). Data analysis also showed that women with heterozygous variants of all the three studied polymorphisms have significantly lower FGR-risk. The overall result confirms that NOS3 (C786T) polymorphism is associated with FGR. In addition, three-locus variant of LEPR (G668A), FTO (A23525T) and NOS3 (C786T) was significantly associated with FGR risk.