Abstract
Maternal Caffeine Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Large Prospective Observational Study
Highlights
Caffeine is the most widely consumed xenobiotic in pregnancy, with the potential to adversely affect the developing fetoplacental unit
Caffeine intake of ≥300 mg/day has been associated with fetal growth restriction,[6,7,8] but Vlajinac et al found a significant reduction in infant birth weight of 114 g with maternal caffeine consumption of as little as 141 mg/day.[9]
Using maternal caffeine half life as a proxy for clearance rate, we found some evidence that the association between caffeine intake and fetal growth restriction was stronger in women with a faster caffeine clearance than in those with slower clearance
Summary
Caffeine is the most widely consumed xenobiotic in pregnancy, with the potential to adversely affect the developing fetoplacental unit. Maternal caffeine intake has been reported to be associated with a reduction in birth weight,[1,2,3,4,5] but the precise level of intake above which the risk is increased remains unknown. Cytochrome P450 1A2, the principal enzyme involved in caffeine metabolism, is absent in the placenta and the fetus.[21] The amount of caffeine and metabolites available to the fetoplacental unit depends on the maternal caffeine metabolism, which shows marked variation between individuals because of genetic and environmental factors such as nicotine.[22,23,24] Variations in caffeine metabolic activity have been found to be more closely associated with fetal growth restriction than have blood caffeine concentrations.[25] any comprehensive study of the effects of caffeine on fetal growth must include an assessment of caffeine metabolism
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