Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is an advanced objection characterized by the new start of hypertension and proteinuria or the new start of hypertension and important end-organ dysfunction with or without proteinuria in the last half of the prenatal period or post-delivery. Long-term, patients with preeclampsia are at enhanced risk for developing cardiovascular and renal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in women suffering from preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. A total number of one hundred twelve pregnant women (N=112), were enrolled in the study and fifty-six (n=56) were included as preeclampsia (Cases) and another fifty-six (n=56) were enrolled as normotensives (Controls). Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Result: Respondents' mean age was 27.35 ± 4.85 (case) & 26.46 ± 4.86(control) years. Maximum study subjects had only primary education. The majority of the respondents were homemakers in all groups. Respondents' mean gestational age was 36.28 ± 2.12 (case) & 36.57 ± 1.82 (control) weeks respectively and was significant in both case and control groups (p=.001). There was no statistical difference according to gravida found between the cases and controls. Based on maternal outcomes, delivery by cesarean section was greater in cases than in controls (p<0.001), &eclampsia (p<0.001) and PPH (p=0.002) were significantly lower in controls than cases. Based on the neonatal outcome, birth weight was significantly lower in cases than in controls (p=0.020), and stillbirth was significantly lower in controls than cases (p=0.042). Conclusion: Preeclampsia may be linked to complications with the placenta initially in the pregnancy. A very little amount of maternal complications and fetal complications rose in this current analysis and the result of the findings was satisfactory.