Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Severe Pre-eclampsia in a Tertiary Care Center

Abstract

Background: Pre-eclampsia is the leading reason for referrals to a specialized healthcare facility, as it represents a significant contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the maternal and fetal outcomes associated with severe pre-eclampsia in a Tertiary Care Center. Design: Prospective observational study. Methodology: This prospective observational study took place at Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, located in Belagavi and affiliated with KAHER's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi. The study spanned from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. Pregnant women diagnosed with severe Pre-eclampsia, which met the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were admitted to the labor room at the tertiary care center, were enrolled in the study. Results: Participants in the study ranged in age from 19 to 41 years, with a mean gestational age at diagnosis of 35.32 weeks ±3.7 weeks. Among the participants, 73.4% underwent lower segment cesarean section (LSCS), while 22.4% had vaginal deliveries, including 3 cases with instrumental delivery (ventouse). The study observed increased incidences of Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (32.4%), placental abruption (30%), postpartum hemorrhage (22%), partial HELLP syndrome (16.2%), pulmonary edema (11%), eclampsia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (8.1%). The incidence of prematurity was 55%, and intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) occurred in 7% of the cases. Conclusion: Maternal and perinatal problems are more common in eclampsia patients. Better prenatal care, early detection, and timely treatment of severe pre-eclampsia can lower the incidence of eclampsia.