Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes after Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

Abstract

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women causes maternal and neonatal complications. Professional societies endorse the vaccination among pregnant women. This review of the cohort studies aims to assess the short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes among vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We searched Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. The observational cohort studies published from July 2021 to December 2022 were included. The eligibility criteria were assessed. The studies documenting maternal and neonatal outcomes and the relative risk, and 95% confidence interval were considered. Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form was used, and the quality assessment of the included study was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The quality of the grading was summarised with GradePro software. Data from the five cohort studies are considered. 56% of the un-vaccinated pregnant women experience composite adverse maternal outcomes (RR: 3.97; 95% CI:0.73,21.49; p-value: ˂0.11). There was a reduced risk of occurrence of the meconium-stained amniotic fluid who are vaccinated (RR: 0.89; 95% CI:0.71, 1.12; p value=0.33). The unvaccinated group is 3.16 times more likely to take infertility treatment (RR: 3.54; 95% CI:2.04, 6.12; p-value: ˂0.00001). There was no significant difference concerning neonatal outcomes between both groups. The pregnant women who were not vaccinated against SARS-CoV had an increased risk for a composite adverse maternal outcome and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The vaccine has effectively prevented the disease in the first six months. Additional studies are needed to understand the safety of the SARS-CoV vaccine.