Abstract
BackgroundAdiponectin is an adipocyte hormone involved in energy homeostasis and metabolism. However, its role in early infancy is poorly understood.MethodsWe recruited a total of 443 pregnant women and their children in this prospective study. Cord blood samples were successfully obtained from 331 neonates. Maternal and umbilical blood serum adiponectin were measured. The weight-, height- and BMI-for-age Z scores of infants at birth and at 3, 6 and 12 months of age were assessed.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis indicated that cord blood but not maternal serum adiponectin was positively associated with all of the anthropometric measures at birth (P < 0.01). Using Generalized Estimating Equation model after adjustment for sex, time, maternal age, gestational age, prepregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, maternal education, parity, history of miscarriage and mode of delivery, for every 1-μg/ml increment of maternal serum adiponectin, the height-for-age Z score during the first year of life increased by 0.026 (P =0.013) on average, and the height-for-age Z score of infants in the highest quartile of maternal serum adiponectin was 0.270 (95 % CI: 0.013–0.527) higher than those in the lowest quartile. The changes in weight-for-age Z score from birth decreased by 0.67 × 10−2 on average with every 1-μg/ml additional increase of cord blood adiponectin (P = 0.047). The infants in the highest quartile of cord blood adiponectin showed a −0.368 (95 % CI, −0.701–−0.035) decrease in weight-for-age Z score change from birth compared with those in the lowest quartile.ConclusionsCord blood adiponectin concentration is a determinant of infant birth size and weight gain in the first year of life. Circulating maternal adiponectin during pregnancy may predict postnatal height growth.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0978-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Adiponectin is an adipocyte hormone involved in energy homeostasis and metabolism
The adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the cord blood than in maternal serum (39.6 μg/ml vs. 6.9 μg/ml, P < 0.05)
Model 1: Adjusted by sex Model 2: Adjusted by sex, maternal age, gestation age, prepregnancy Body mass index (BMI), weight gain in pregnancy preceding, maternal education, parity, history of miscarriage and mode of delivery, Method: entered. This prospective study is the first to report the influence of maternal and cord blood adiponectin levels on neonatal weight, height- and BMI-for-age Z score at birth and their changes at 3, 6 and 12 months of age
Summary
Adiponectin is an adipocyte hormone involved in energy homeostasis and metabolism. its role in early infancy is poorly understood. Observational evidence suggests that a high birth weight and accelerated growth in infancy are associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood and adulthood [2, 3]. Adiponectin is an adipokine that is secreted by adipose tissue and correlates inversely with obesity in adults [5]. It is abundantly present in the cord blood of term neonates, at concentrations two to three times higher than those reported in adults [6]. Studies to date have yielded markedly conflicting results on the relationship between maternal serum/cord blood adiponectin concentration and infant birth weight, ranging from an inverse association to no correlation to even a positive relationship [7,8,9]. Studies in adults have established that ethnicity modifies the relationship between adiponectin and obesity, which may be partly due
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