Abstract
The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is a valuable resource for the study of the effects of maternal alcohol consumption. MoBa’s strengths include a population-based sample of over 107,000 pregnancies, concurrent and retrospective assessment of maternal prenatal and postnatal alcohol consumption, and prospective follow-up for pregnancy and child outcomes. Direct questions were asked on the frequency, dose and timing of maternal alcohol consumption. Screening tools including the T-ACE and partial Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index were used to identify women at risk for drinking during pregnancy. Comprehensive information on potential confounders was collected including maternal medical history, reproductive history, smoking, and other substance use. The detailed alcohol data allow the differentiation between non-binge and binge-level drinking, important for studying different thresholds of exposure. The availability of maternal and infant DNA enables the study of genetic differences in alcohol metabolism. Besides conventional analyses, sibship studies of differentially exposed siblings can be conducted among the offspring of over 15,000 women who participated in the study for more than one pregnancy. Although there are low levels of social disadvantage in Norway (poverty increases the risk of harms from prenatal drinking), binge drinking is a common pattern of consumption and previous studies found that drinking alcohol during pregnancy is not uncommon. Here, I provide a brief review of prenatal alcohol literature and measurement issues, describe MoBa alcohol variables, and discuss how MoBa can contribute to maternal alcohol research within the context of Norway.
Highlights
The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of the effects of prenatal alcohol consumption, describe the information on maternal alcohol consumption collected in MoBa, and discuss ways in which MoBa can contribute to this area of research within the unique context of Norway
It is well established that heavy maternal alcohol consumption is associated with physical and developmental defects in the child that can lead to lifelong disabilities [3]
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) include alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by abnormal brain development and cognitive or behavioral problems [6]
Summary
It is well established that heavy maternal alcohol consumption is associated with physical and developmental defects in the child that can lead to lifelong disabilities [3]. Moderate drinkers have higher education, higher income, better mental health, and stronger social networks than alcohol abstainers or heavy drinkers [19,20], factors that may be associated with good parenting and positive child outcomes. Some of these attributes are not captured by available socio-demographic variables, and it has been suggested that residual confounding could obscure the detrimental effects of lower-level prenatal alcohol exposure or bias results in the opposite direction [17,21]. These genes are expressed in the placenta and fetal liver [29], suggesting that both fetal and maternal genes may play a role
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