Abstract
Design is a goal-oriented planning activity for creating products, processes, and systems with desired functions through specifications. It is a decision-making exploration: the design outcome may vary greatly depending on the designer’s knowledge and philosophy. Integrated design is one type of design philosophy that takes an interdisciplinary and holistic approach. In civil engineering, structural design is such an activity for creating buildings and infrastructures. Recently, structural design in many countries has emphasized a performance-based philosophy that simultaneously considers a structure’s safety, durability, serviceability, and sustainability. Consequently, integrated design in civil engineering has become more popular, useful, and important. Material-oriented integrated design and construction of structures (MIDCS) combine materials engineering and structural engineering in the design stage: it fully utilizes the strengths of materials by selecting the most suitable structural forms and construction methodologies. This paper will explore real-world examples of MIDCS, including the realization of MIDCS in timber seismic-resistant structures, masonry arch structures, long-span steel bridges, prefabricated/on-site extruded light-weight steel structures, fiber-reinforced cementitious composites structures, and fiber-reinforced polymer bridge decks. Additionally, advanced material design methods such as bioinspired design and structure construction technology of additive manufacturing are briefly reviewed and discussed to demonstrate how MIDCS can combine materials and structures. A unified strength-durability design theory is also introduced, which is a human-centric, interdisciplinary, and holistic approach to the description and development of any civil infrastructure and includes all processes directly involved in the life cycle of the infrastructure. Finally, this paper lays out future research directions for further development in the field.
Highlights
Civil engineering has been an indispensable part of human lives since the beginning of civilization, creating the necessary infrastructure for human society [1]
FRCC research has developed into new branches such as engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and their functionalized products [10], ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (UHPFRCC) [71,72,73], and hybrid fiberreinforced cementitious composites (HFRCC) [74,75,76] based on the Performance-Driven Design Approach
Real applications of ECC and UHPFRCC in structural elements and being repairing materials for strengthening damaged structural elements show that they possess favorable properties of both cementitious composites and fibers
Summary
Civil engineering has been an indispensable part of human lives since the beginning of civilization, creating the necessary infrastructure for human society [1]. MIDCS in civil engineering refers to designing and constructing a building or infrastructure while considering material properties and structure functions in an integrated fashion. The desired performance of structures guides the material’s design and development This top-down approach is a relatively new engineering paradigm in civil engineering, which is made possible by advancing material engineering and construction. Only the first approach of MIDCS was usually considered when constructing civil infrastructures, which caused suboptimal materials and structures to be used and decreased their service lives. Nowadays, both approaches of MIDCS should be considered to develop highperformance structures
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