Materials used by industry for the production of piezoelectric transducers. The state of the art of research work performed in the field of PZT ceramics and ferroelectric polymers

Abstract

For inorganic materials such as piezoelectric PZT ceramics, the phenomena of conduction and aging set severe limits to the development of some industrial applications. Various models, in particular that of a suggested structure model, allow one to get insight into these phenomena and to limit these effects by acting either on the manufacturing process or on the composition itself. For organic materials, in contrast, the phenomena are quite different and, from the outset, the problems are much less severe. A brief review will be given of the properties of the PVF2 homopolymer as well as of a few copolarized in a suitable manner. These organic and inorganic materials must be taken into account as strong candidates for the production of new transducers.