Abstract
Ultrasonic spectroscopy is a development of the pulse-echo technique which uses broadband (0.5–10 MHz) ultrasound and analyses the spectra of the echo pulses. It has already proved its value in cases where the geometry is essentially two-dimensional. Examples include the determination of grain size in metals and quality control in carbon-fibre composites and glued joints, while a new development has opened up the possibility of measuring the depth and width of surface cracks down to sub-millimetre size. When the problem is essentially three-dimensional, as in characterization of discrete defects in metals, full interpretation of the echo signal cannot as yet be achieved except in a few special cases. This paper is the first of two reviews on ultrasonic spectroscopy. The second will cover the generation and reception of wideband ultrasound.
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