Abstract
This review on materials for hydrogen storage in the solid state gives a brief discussion underlying reasons and driving forces of this specific field of research and development (the why question). This scenario is followed by an outline of the main materials investigated as options for hydrogen storage (the what exactly). Then, it moves into breakthroughs in the specific case of solid state storage of hydrogen, regarding both materials (where to store it) and properties (how it works). Finally, one of early model systems, namely NaBH 4 /MgH 2 (the case study), is discussed more comprehensively to better elucidate some of the issues and drawbacks of its use in solid state hydrogen storage.
Highlights
Energy only HF is liquid at room temperature (RT)
Later in 2000, the same group presented a more detailed work on the Ti-doped NaAlH4, in which measurements were taken under lower temperatures and pressures, so that the system can be considered as a potential hydrogen storage material [30]
The US-MHCoE has a main arm of research exclusively dedicated to M-Al-H systems, AlH3 and LiAlH4
Summary
Change to a hydrogen-based energy society [1], with its promise of a clean and sustainable choice, is clearly a complex issue involving mainly economic and political drivers. Types of fuel cell, according to operating temperature and constituent material, can be listed as: alkaline (AFC) [5], proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) [6], molten carbonate (MCFC) [7], and solid oxide (SOFC) [8], with costs and durability as major problems. Each one of these segments of the hydrogen chain has an important role in achieving the prospective of a hydrogen-based economy. Most developed option: metal hydrides (>8 wt.%, >90 kg/m3, at 10–60 atm) Weight density, working temperatures and pressures, recharge time, heat management, cost, pyrophoricity, cycling
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