Abstract
Meniscus is a vital functional unit in knee joint. It acts as a lubricating structure, a nutrient transporting structure, as well as shock absorber during jumping, twisting and running and offers stability within the knee joint. It helps in load distribution, in bearing the tensile hoop stresses and balancing by providing a cushion effect between hard surfaces of two bones. Meniscus may be injured in sports, dancing, accident or any over stressed condition. Any meniscal lesion can lead to a gradual development of osteoarthritis or erosion of bone contact surface due to disturbed load and contact stress distribution caused by injury/pain. Once injured, the possibilities of self-repair are rare in avascular region of meniscus, due to lack of blood supply in avascular region. Meniscus has vascular and avascular regions in structure. Majority of the meniscus parts turn avascular with increase in age.Purpose of this review is to highlight advances in meniscus repair with special focus on tissue engineering using textile/fiber based scaffolds, as well as the recent technical advances in scaffolds for meniscus recon- struction/ regeneration treatment.
Highlights
IntroductionThe knee joints are made up of bones (thigh bone, shin bone and knee cap), ligaments (joining tissues) and cartilage (meniscus) (Fig. 1)
The knee joints are made up of bones, ligaments and cartilage (Fig. 1)
This review has covered all latest available approaches and pathways leading to repairing of the meniscus, its reconstruction and regeneration in the event of damage
Summary
The knee joints are made up of bones (thigh bone, shin bone and knee cap), ligaments (joining tissues) and cartilage (meniscus) (Fig. 1). The physiological function of the meniscus are load bearing, load transmission / distribution, stability, shock absorption, lubrication, pressure resistance, joint filler (adjustment to tibia surfaces and modulation of femoral condoyle shape), sensory, proprioception and distribution of synovial fluid. They assist in different motions and prevent synovial impingement. Meniscus nourishes the articular cartilage, connective tissues for movable joints It provides a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and facilitates load transmission with low friction co-efficient [1, 3,4,5]
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