Abstract

Aunque los lineamentos basicos de una teoria de la identidad ya se encuentran en filigrana en los clasicos, su reactivacion reciente coincide, en el plano teorico, con la revalorizacion de la agency (retorno del sujeto), y en el plano politico, con la proliferacion de los movimientos sociales y la reafirmacion de los particularismos etnicos frente a la globalizacion y a la crisis del Estado-nacional. Esta teoria se encuentra desigualmente elaborada en las distintas ciencias sociales, pero de modo general gira en torno a la idea de una distintividad cualitativa socialmente situada y basada en tres criterios basicos: una red de pertenencias sociales de rol o de pertenencia), un sistema de atributos distintivos caracteriologica) y la narrativa de una biografia incanjeable (identidad intima o identidad biografica) o de una memoria colectiva. Asi concebida, la identidad tiene un caracter no solo descriptivo, sino explicativo, y ha revelado sus virtudes heuristicas contribuyendo a revitalizar diferentes campos de estudios, entre ellos los referentes a los problemas fronterizos y a las migraciones internacionales. ABSTRACT Although the basic rules of an theory can be found in filigree in the classics, their recent reactivation coincides, in the theoretical field, with the reevaluation of the agency (return of the subject), and in the political field, with the proliferation of social movements and the reaffirmation of ethnic particularities facing globalization and the crisis of the national-State. This theory is unequally elaborated in the different social sciences, but generally revolves around the idea of a qualitative, socially situated distinctivity, founded on three basic criteria: a network of social belonging (role or belonging), a system of distinctive attributes (characteriological identity), and the narrative of an unexchangeable biography (intimate identity or biographic identity), or colective memory. Thus conceived, not only has a descriptive character, but an explicit one too, and reveals its heuristic virtues as it contributes to revitalizing the different fields of study, among which are the ones that refer to border problems and international migrations.

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