Abstract
Facing serious environmental degradation and its resulting of climate warming, how to conserve energy and reduce emissions becomes a serious issue for government supervisors and modern vehicle enterprises. Reducing the mass of a vehicle is one of the most effective ways to reduce emissions and improve fuel utilization, essential to persist the low-carbon and sustainable-development bases in industrial production processes. When it comes to the selection of lightweight material for a car body in the processes of vehicle production, it is essential to comprehensively evaluate multiple relevant attributes in order to select the optimal material from several alternatives. Thus, it can be seen as a multicriterion decision-making (MCDM) problem. However, it is difficult to consider both the uncertainty of the expert’s preference and the imprecision of the attribute estimate. Considering this, this paper uses the method integrating grey relational analysis (GRA) with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to solve the problem of lightweight material selection for a car body. The AHP method is used to determine the weight of each attribute, and the GRA method is to select the optimal material among several alternatives. Finally, a case study is applied to verify the practicability of the proposed approach. The result shows that the proposed multicriterion decision method provides a precise and objective foundation for making decisions about the material selection issue.
Highlights
As the increasing vehicle economy presents the rapid speed of national development in recent years, the production and use of vehicles have increased sharply in China
Mayyas et al [32] developed an eco-material selection approach which was assisted by the preference selection index (PSI) and principal component analysis (PCA) decisionmaking tools and implemented this model in a case study of material selection for eco-lightweight autobodies to validate its practicality
We developed a method that combines the advantages of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) which determines the weight of indicators and the advantages of grey relational analysis (GRA) which is used to build the grey relational closeness index to evaluate the scheme. is method was put forward and used to the optimization of lightweight material selection for car bodies. e detailed procedure is presented
Summary
As the increasing vehicle economy presents the rapid speed of national development in recent years, the production and use of vehicles have increased sharply in China. In order to reduce vehicle mass, several means of achieving automotive lightweight are applied, including application of lightweight materials, structural optimization, advanced manufacturing technologies, combination of these methods, and integrating parts and functions [3]. Erefore, the development of lightweight material and advanced manufacturing technology will play a more prominent role in the material selection ways for the automobile industries. Using lightweight materials is an important approach to ensure both the safety of automobiles and the reducing of body mass. After conducting the analysis of cons and pros of them, we have used a mixed approach with the combination of AHP, used to determine the weight of indicators, and GRA, applied to build the grey relational closeness index to evaluate the scheme, for the optimization of lightweight material selection for car bodies. The case study is carried out in the fourth section, and analysis and discussion are conducted. e last part sums up some conclusions and discusses the completion of this work
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