Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide an experimental properties evaluation of a standard filter material (cellulose) and materials with fiber layer addition with small diameters (nanofibers). Filter media, including cellulose, used in the internal combustion engine inlet air filtration are made of high diameter fibres, approx. 15 µm. Significantly higher separation and filtration efficiency performance are obtained for materials with lower fibre diameters (nanofibres), however, at the expense of a significantly higher pressure drop, affecting the engine performance. Filter media manufacturers mainly specify the structure parameters (pore size, air permeability and thickness), without giving any information on the dust filtration performance and rate. The literature includes test results for models of different filter media structures. Filtration process modelling using polydisperse dust with particles of different shape and density and irregular filter media structure is possible using advanced computer techniques, however, the process is complex and requires many simplifications. Test results can be applied directly in the automotive industry. The data can be obtained by experimental tests on filter medium specimens, complete filter elements or air filters which are costly and time-consuming tests, however, those test methods are the most reliable. Conditions and testing methodology for intake air filter materials used in internal combustion engines were developed. Filtration and flow resistance efficiency and accuracy were done depending on test dust mass stopped per unit area. Tested materials filtration efficiency was assessed by a filtration quality factor, which includes experimentally determined efficiency and accuracy as well as flow resistance values. Much higher efficiency and filtration accuracy of dust grains below 5 µm in filtration materials with nanofibers addition compared to standard filtration material (filter paper) were demonstrated. For the same flow resistance values, filter materials with nanofibers addition accumulate smaller dust mass than standard filter paper. Usage of materials with nanofibers addition used in motor vehicles intake air filtration ensures their high efficiency and accuracy. It minimises its components wear, but at the expense of faster flow resistance increase, which shortens filter life and increases filter replacement frequency. Results obtained during the experimental research partly fill the gap when it comes to the basic material properties used in internal combustion engines intake air filter partitions production.
Highlights
Air taken from the atmosphere is the basic working factor of every internal combustion engine, which is a driving unit in motor vehicles, working machines, aeroplanes and helicopters
The aim of this research is to determine and compare filtration properties: efficiency and accuracy of filtration and filter cartridges flow resistance made of various filter materials by determining filtration performance dzmax=f(km), separation efficiency φw=f(km), pressure drop Δpw=f(km), and flow characteristics Δpw=f(Qw), dust mass mw retained and evenly distributed over 1 m2 of filter material active surface, which is expressed by the following dependence, kkmm
The highest flow resistance values in the entire Qw airflow range were recorded for filter cartridge D made of a material that is a composite layer of cellulose, polyester and nanofibres
Summary
Air taken from the atmosphere is the basic working factor of every internal combustion engine, which is a driving unit in motor vehicles, working machines, aeroplanes and helicopters. The engine needs a minimum of 14.5 kg of air to burn 1 kg of fuel. During operation in rated conditions, passenger car engines suck in 150-400 m3 of air per hour. The value is 900-1400 m3/h, and for the engine of Leopard 2 tank, it is over 6,000 m3/h. Combustion engines suck in various pollutants with air. Mineral dust, which is lifted from the ground to a height of several meters by the movement of vehicles or by wind, is a commonly harmful air pollutant for operated technical devices
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