Material characterization and bioactivity evaluation of dental porcelain modified by bioactive glass

Abstract

This study aimed at the chemical, microstructural and textural characterization of the sol–gel derived dental porcelain modified by bioactive glass and the evaluation of its bioactivity. Sol–gel derived specimens of the composite material were constructed and subjected to firing cycle. Specimens of bioactive glass and dental porcelain served as control. All the specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and N2 porosimetry. The assessment of in vitro bioactivity was carried out by incubating the composite specimens in DMEM solution. Apatite formation was evaluated by SEM/EDS, FTIR and XRD analysis. Microstructural analysis by SEM revealed irregularly shaped particles with broad size distribution, while complex porei network with large pore volume and non-uniform pore size distribution was evident. N2-adsorption isotherms were representative of non-nano-/meso-porous materials. A mixture of a- and b-wollastonite, apatite and leucite phases were detected by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the previous results, though traces of cristobalite were identified too. The in vitro tests evidenced the bioactivity of the specimens in a 3-day-period. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties of the sol–gel derived composite result in a bioactive material, though further modifications need to be considered in order to fulfill the requirements of application in the clinical reality.