Matching silicon-based anodes with sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes for Li-ion batteries

Abstract

Thanks to their high ionic conductivity and appropriate mechanical properties, sulfide-based solid electrolytes (SSE) are increasingly studied for a use in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Silicon is abundant, non toxic and has a high theoretical capacity, and therefore is a promising active material in ASSBs. We first study the compatibility between two different solid electrolytes with similar ionic conductivity, Li10SnP2S12 (LSnPS) and Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl), and micron-sized silicon based anode. LPSCl appears to be less reactive than LSnPS and it is then used to determine the most appropriate silicon size and shape for efficient cycling. Two silicon materials are compared, micron-sized silicon particles (μSi) and silicon nanowires (SiNWs). Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping of the composite powders shows a better dispersion of the SiNWs in the LPSCl matrix. Galvanostatic cycling and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements highlight the greater compatibility of SiNWs compared to μSi in ASSBs with a high specific delithiation capacity of 2600 mAh/gSi at the first cycle, while limiting the polarization and maintaining a relatively stable lithiation mechanism during cycling.