Mastopatía fibroquística. Aspectos controvertidos

Abstract

ObjectivesTo elucidate the most controversial features of fibrocystic breast disease, which is highly prevalent. MethodsWe reviewed the literature on the topic. ResultsIn fibrocystic breast disease, the diagnostic method of choice is ultrasound, which shows similar characteristics to those in cystic tumors but with differences in number and maximum diameter. With dominant, or separate, nodules, ultrasound can be used to determine whether the lesion is cystic or solid. In cystic lesions, fine-needle aspiration can be used; in solid lesions, core needle biopsy can be employed. No active treatment is required if there is mastalgia and nodularity without a dominant nodule, or if diffusely nodular breasts are painless. Conclusions1. There is no risk of malignancy in simple fibrocystic breast disease but proliferative mastopathy with atypical cells has a relative risk of 4-5. 2. The diagnostic technique of choice for differentiating simple from complex cysts is ultrasound, which can also be used for monitoring and as a guide when aspirating the cyst. 3. When there are clinical and radiologic signs suspicious for malignancy (BI-RADS 3) or suggestive of malignancy (BI-RADS 4 and 5), the first step is fine-needle aspiration or core needle biopsy, or both. 4. Asymptomatic fibrocystic breast disease does not require follow-up, while symptomatic disease can be monitored with ultrasound and/or mammography.